Volume & Density of Rectangular Cube using BT11 STEM Lab

In this tutorial we demonstrate the calculation of Volume and Density of a wooden rectangular cube using Polytech’s BT11 Teacher’s STEM Lab Kit.

Equipment

  • BT11 Teacher’s STEM Lab Kit
  • Wooden rectangular cube with hook
  • String
  • Plastic ruler
  • Windows PC
  • iLab for Windows software
Start Tutorial

Resources

View PhET Simulation on Density

Safety Note

There are no special safety requirements for this experiment.

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  1. Assemble the retort stand with two metal rods connected with a boss perpendicular to each other.
  1. Secure the force sensor vertically at the end of the horizontal rod with a downward direction.
Continue
  1. Connect the force sensor to the BT11 with UTP cable.
  1. Turn on the BT11 datalogger by pressing the button on the right side.
Continue
  1. Connect the BT11 to the computer with wireless connection. (For further instructions consult the “Operating BT11” manual).
Download FR.P02.zip
  1. Run the iLab software and
    • extract the FR.P02.dis iLab Experiment File from the zip dowload and save it in your Lab PC
    • on the main menu screen select “open new”
    • select the FR.P02.dis iLab Experiment file
  1. The Force sensor should be calibrated before each experiment. In order to calibrate the sensor click the calibration button on the channel information bar.
Continue
  1. The calibration will appear, select the “force sensor” at Channel 1 and click the “zero” button.
  1. To the next screen select the “Calibrate” button, click ok and you are ready to proceed the experiment.
Continue
  1. Whenever you’re ready click “Start (F6)” to start collecting data with the force sensor on your pc screen.
  2. Then…
    1. Use the ruler to measure and record the cube’s dimentions: width (4 cm), length (4 cm) and height (5 cm).
    2. Hang the wooden cube with a string from the force sensor. Record the force needed to hold the weight on air (as shown in the picture) as W1.

The force in Newtons (N) you just recorded represents the weight W of the mass of the rectangular cube. The mass is measured in kilograms (kg). Note that the metal hook and the string are considered weightless in this context. We know the relationship between force and mass is given by:

N = Kg × m/s2

Continue
  1. Calculate the object’s mass (m) in kilograms using earth’s gravitational acceleration (g) and the Weight (W) recorded from the Force sensor.

W = m × g  ⤇ m = W/g

  • W = 0.35 Kg × m/s2
  • g = 9.81m/s2 (constant)

In this case:

m = 0.35 Kg × m/s2 / 9.81 m/s2 ⤇
m = 0.035677 Kg

  1. Convert the mass from kilograms (Kg) to grams (g) in order to use the density formula.

g = Kg / 1000 ⤇ Kg = 1000g

In this case:

m = 0.035677 Kg ⤇ m = 0.035677 × 1000g ⤇
m = 35.677 g

  1. In order to calculate the density of the cube, you need to calculate its volume V.

Volume calculation formula for a cube:
V= length × width × height

In this case:

  • length = 4 cm
  • width = 4 cm
  • height = 5 cm

Therefore:
V = 4 cm × 4 cm × 5 cm = 80cm3 or ml

Continue
  1. Calculate the density of the cube using the formula:

Our data:

m= 35.677 g
V= 80 cm3

Our calculations:

ρ = 35.677 g / 80 cm3 = 0.4459 g/cm3

  • The density of wood varies depending on the type of wood. However, the typical range for the density of wood is between 0.4 to 0.9 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³).
  • Light woods (like balsa) may have a density as low as 0.2 g/cm³.
  • Hardwoods (like oak or maple) typically range from 0.6 g/cm³ to 0.9 g/cm³.
  • The density of wood can also vary based on factors like moisture content, species, and age of the wood.

End of tutorial

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